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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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ILLUSION
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00388_Text_rem07t.txt
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1996-12-31
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Therefore, real motion and
apparent motion are very
similar if not identical, at least
at fast speeds. This fact solves
one puzzle about apparent
motion: why we perceive
apparent motion when there
are few if any circumstances
that animals or human beings
encounter in the natural
environment in which the
conditions of apparent
movement prevail. If the
perception of apparent motion
serves no adaptive purpose,
why did we evolve in such a
way that we could perceive it?
The work of Kaufman and his
associates suggests an answer:
Perception of rapidly moving
objects was necessary for
survival, and the conditions for
such perception reduce to those
for apparent motion. Thus, in
an apparent-movement display,
when the conditions mimic
those of real, rapid motion,
entailing sudden disappearance
of an object in one place and its
reappearance in another, our
perceptual system makes the
plausible inference that the
object has moved.
For apparent movement to be
seen, the temporal interval
between A and B must be
neither too long nor too short.
Although this fact has been
known since apparent motion
was first discovered, the
reasons behind it have never
been clear. The inference
approach, however, may help to
explain it. If the temporal
interval is too brief, we tend to
perceive both A and B
simultaneously. This fact is
based on persistence of vision.
If A is still visible when B
appears, the perceptual system
can hardly infer that A has
moved to B! If the interval is too
long, A must be inferred to be
moving rather slowly across the
intervening space. After all,
the object must be assumed to
be moving at a speed such that
it reaches B just as B appears. If
an object were to be moving
slowly, it ought to be visible
between A and B. Only at fast
speeds does the perceptual
system "expect" the object to be
little more than a blur between
A and B. Therefore, if the speed
is inferred to be slow and the
object is invisible, the
inference that the object is
really moving is rejected.